An Introduction to Ethernet Switching

When you stop to think how well the internet is put together, you start to wonder how the internet coexists with all the chaos that results from broadcasts, data collision, and data loops. Yet, despite the odds, the internet is still (currently) alive and thriving today. But what can we attribute this achievement to? As you’ll find in the coming […]

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A Guide to Network Topology

A network topology is how computers, printers, and other devices are connected over a network. It describes the layout of wires, devices, and routing paths. Essentially there are six different common topologies you should familiarize yourself with: Bus, Ring, Star, Extended Star, Hierarchical, and Mesh. Although it is usually easier to start connecting wires and setting up your network, you’ll […]

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Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) Explained

First thing is first: save yourself some trouble and remember that carrier sense multiple access collision detect is best referred to as simply CSMA/CD. We’ve heard some ridiculously long terms before, but CSMA/CD takes the cake. Jokes aside, this media-access mechanism is what keeps networks running. If two or more computers transmit data at the same time, we get data […]

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How Kerberos Authentication Works

You may not know it, but your network is probably unsecured right now. Anyone with the right tools could capture, manipulate, and add data between the connections you maintain with the internet. The security cat and mouse game isn’t one sided, however. Network administrators are currently taking advantage of Kerberos to help combat security concerns. Project Athena Project Athena was […]

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How the Application Layer Works

In the previous section we reviewed several aspects of the Transport Layer. We learned a great deal of information; covering sockets, ports, TCP, UDP, segments, and datagrams. Now we will take a look at the fourth and final layer of the TCP/IP stack: the Application Layer. What Does The Application Layer Do? A lot of newcomers to TCP/IP wonder why […]

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How the Transport Layer Works

In the previous section we took a look at the Internet Layer. We took apart the IP header information, reviewed IP addresses and routing information, and briefly discussed ARP and RARP technologies. Next in line we have the Transport layer- the layer responsible for actually getting the data packets to a specific location. When we receive email, we want to […]

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How the Internet Layer Works

In the previous section, we learned about the Network Access layer. Essentially we learned more about the anatomy of a frame, physical addressing, and what exactly the physical layer accomplishes. Don’t relax yet- we still have three layers to go! What the Internet Layer Is Responsible For The Internet Layer is used to deliver data on a complex routed network. […]

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